Astaxanthin are keto-carotenoid naturally produced by unicellular algae Haematococcus in response to stress (such as being exposed to excessive sunlight or an increased salinity, or when there are lack of nutrients, etc). During stress, metabolic processes can produce harmful by-products. By producing astaxanthin, the algae can manage these by-products more efficiently and regulate the energy balance within the cells. Astaxanthin also helps to protect the algae from oxidative stress and maintain the stability and fluidity of its cellular membranes.

Astaxanthin has garnered significant attention in recent years for its ability to cross the blood-brain barrier. It can neutralize free radicals in the brain and reduce oxidative stress.

Astaxanthin is also a powerful antioxidant and supports mitochondrial function. It helps to reduce cellular damage throughout and enhance overall energy production and, when in combination with exercise, enhance metabolism.

Schisandra, also known as five-flavor berry (五味子), is a highly regarded medicinal plant in traditional Chinese medicine and other herbal traditions. Being really tasty aside, schisandra is known for its hepatoprotective properties. It can support liver function, detoxification, and regeneration.